Issues
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Cover Image
Cover Image
On the cover
Suraneni et al. reveal that fibroblasts require the Arp2/3 complex to form lamellipodia and undergo sustained directional migration. A wild-type cell (top right) spreads onto a surface by extending broad, ruffle-like lamellipodia rich in F-actin (red), whereas a cell lacking the Arp2/3 subunit ARPC3 (bottom left) forms thin, filopodia-like protrusions containing actin bundles.
Image courtesy of Parveen Suraneni.
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In This Issue
In Focus
Playing with Arp2/3 uncovers cellular rudder
Study shows that lamellipodia allow cells to move in a specific direction.
People & Ideas
Yoshinori Ohsumi: Autophagy from beginning to end
Ohsumi's work continues to provide much of the foundation for our current understanding of autophagy.
Review
Report
DNA damage–inducible SUMOylation of HERC2 promotes RNF8 binding via a novel SUMO-binding Zinc finger
SUMOylation of the ubiquitin ligase HERC2 promotes efficient chromatin licensing in the vicinity of DNA double-strand breaks.
Human RNF169 is a negative regulator of the ubiquitin-dependent response to DNA double-strand breaks
RNF169 competes with repair factors to bind to ubiquitylated chromatin at sites of DNA damage, influencing repair pathway utilization.
BRCA1 regulates microRNA biogenesis via the DROSHA microprocessor complex
The BRCA1 tumor suppressor associates with both the DROSHA microRNA maturation complex and primary miRNA transcripts, and promotes transcript processing.
The dynamin-like GTPase Sey1p mediates homotypic ER fusion in S. cerevisiae
Budding yeast Sey1p functions analogously to mammalian atlastins in mediating ER fusion through a mechanism that is redundant with a second, ER SNARE-mediated fusion mechanism.
SNX17 protects integrins from degradation by sorting between lysosomal and recycling pathways
Retrieval of β integrins from the lysosomal degradation pathway mediated by sorting nexin-17 is important for integrin recycling and regulation of cell migration.
MCAK activity at microtubule tips regulates spindle microtubule length to promote robust kinetochore attachment
The kinesin MCAK binds to end-binding proteins and antagonizes centrosome separation and promotes robust kinetochore attachments to spindle microtubules.
The Arp2/3 complex is required for lamellipodia extension and directional fibroblast cell migration
Embryonic stem cell–derived fibroblasts with genetic disruption of the Arp2/3 complex are unable to form lamellipodia or undergo sustained directional migration.
Article
Human telomeres replicate using chromosome-specific, rather than universal, replication programs
Human telomere replication initiates either from within telomere repeats or from within the subtelomere using a chromosome-specific replication program that appears conserved between different cell types.
DDB2 promotes chromatin decondensation at UV-induced DNA damage
In addition to its role in DNA lesion recognition, the damaged DNA-binding protein DDB2 elicits unfolding of large-scale chromatin structure independently of the CRL4 ubiquitin ligase complex.
53BP1 deficiency combined with telomere dysfunction activates ATR-dependent DNA damage response
Loss of the telomere component TRF1 and the DNA repair mediator 53BP1 enhances the ATR-mediated DNA damage response, promotes the homology-directed repair of dysfunctional telomeres, and exacerbates DNA damage.
Munc13-4 reconstitutes calcium-dependent SNARE-mediated membrane fusion
Munc13-4 is a Ca2+-dependent membrane- and SNARE-binding protein that promotes membrane fusion.
Drosophila chibby is required for basal body formation and ciliogenesis but not for Wg signaling
In contrast to vertebrate CBY, which functions in WNT signaling, Drosophila CBY is essential for normal basal body structure and function but dispensable for Wg signaling.
Dendritic position is a major determinant of presynaptic strength
Positional information, independent of neuronal activity, regulates presynaptic strength, with the strongest presynaptic terminals closest to the soma.
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