Viruses have often been observed in association with the dense microvilli of polarized epithelia as well as the filopodia of nonpolarized cells, yet whether interactions with these structures contribute to infection has remained unknown. Here we show that virus binding to filopodia induces a rapid and highly ordered lateral movement, “surfing” toward the cell body before cell entry. Virus cell surfing along filopodia is mediated by the underlying actin cytoskeleton and depends on functional myosin II. Any disruption of virus cell surfing significantly reduces viral infection. Our results reveal another example of viruses hijacking host machineries for efficient infection by using the inherent ability of filopodia to transport ligands to the cell body.
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18 July 2005
Article|
July 18 2005
Actin- and myosin-driven movement of viruses along filopodia precedes their entry into cells
Maik J. Lehmann,
Maik J. Lehmann
1Section of Microbial Pathogenesis, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06536
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Nathan M. Sherer,
Nathan M. Sherer
1Section of Microbial Pathogenesis, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06536
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Carolyn B. Marks,
Carolyn B. Marks
2Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06536
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Marc Pypaert,
Marc Pypaert
2Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06536
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Walther Mothes
Walther Mothes
1Section of Microbial Pathogenesis, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06536
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Maik J. Lehmann
1Section of Microbial Pathogenesis, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06536
Nathan M. Sherer
1Section of Microbial Pathogenesis, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06536
Carolyn B. Marks
2Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06536
Marc Pypaert
2Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06536
Walther Mothes
1Section of Microbial Pathogenesis, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06536
Correspondence to W. Mothes: [email protected]
C.B. Marks' present address is University of Richmond, Richmond, VA 23173.
Abbreviations used: ALV, avian leukosis virus; Env, viral envelope glycoprotein; HIV, human immunodeficiency virus; MLV, murine leukemia virus; SEM, scanning electron microscopy; TEM, transmission electron microscopy; VSV, vesicular stomatitis virus.
Received:
March 14 2005
Accepted:
June 08 2005
Online ISSN: 1540-8140
Print ISSN: 0021-9525
The Rockefeller University Press
2005
J Cell Biol (2005) 170 (2): 317–325.
Article history
Received:
March 14 2005
Accepted:
June 08 2005
Citation
Maik J. Lehmann, Nathan M. Sherer, Carolyn B. Marks, Marc Pypaert, Walther Mothes; Actin- and myosin-driven movement of viruses along filopodia precedes their entry into cells . J Cell Biol 18 July 2005; 170 (2): 317–325. doi: https://doi.org/10.1083/jcb.200503059
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