A vitamin makes minerals

Growth plate chondrocytes help turn cartilage into bone by releasing specialized matrix vesicles, which contain the crystaline seeds for calcification. On page 1061, Wang and Kirsch show how retinoic acid (vitamin A) controls this process of mineralization.

Previous work showed that retinoic acid stimulates mineralization and induces the formation of matrix vesicles, but its molecular targets remained unknown. In the new study, the authors found that, in cultured growth plate chondrocytes, retinoic acid acts by increasing the transcription of three annexin family proteins and causing them to form calcium channels in the plasma membrane.

Retinoic acid is known to regulate transcription after binding to the retinoic acid receptor complex, but the new results imply that it can also control calcium homeostasis, perhaps through receptors yet to be discovered. After retinoic acid induces an initial calcium influx, the formation of...